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Eva is a 50-year-old Caucasian woman who presents to the clinic with complaints of hand and feet swelling to the point of visible deformities. Her joint pain wakes her up several times during the night and she has morning stiffness for several hours.

Therapeutic Antibodies Cancer Immunoediting: Immunosurveillance, Equilibrium, and Escape The immune system plays an essential role in immunosurveillance, as immune cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems infiltrate into the tumor microenvironment (TME), contributing to the modulation of tumor progression (fig.1).     The immunoediting hypothesis is composed of three phases (Fig. 1). The first Read More

Cell-based Cancer Therapies Cytotoxicity is a property of some immune cells to induce lysis of other cells that can be detected as non-functional or transformed. In the recent years, redirecting cytotoxicity in cancer has been the base of cell-based cancer therapies that involve the use of living cells to treat cancer. There are several types Read More

Cancer Immunoediting: Immunosurveillance, Equilibrium, and Escape The immune system plays an essential role in immunosurveillance, as immune cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems infiltrate into the tumour microenvironment (TME); contributing to the modulation of tumour progression (fig.1).     The immunoediting hypothesis is composed of three phases (Fig. 1). The first phase is Read More

T cell mediated autoimmune diseases Introduction Patients with T cell defects can present with a variety of organ specific autoimmune diseases (e.g., type 1 diabetes mellitus in infancy, hypothyroidism, and Addison’s disease) caused by the attack on these organs by the patient’s own immune cells. The basis for these clinical complications is unclear, but are Read More

 Introduction The field of immunology has a good understanding of the role of the immune system in the physiology of the body and pathophysiology of hundreds of diseases, making it easier to focus resources on the development of immunotherapies for different conditions that have affected humankind for a very long time. Immunotherapies stimulate, modify, or Read More

Norberto, a 23-year old white male in his third relapse of a B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) has been treated with an infusion of autologous CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells (CAR-T cells). Ten days later, he felt severe discomfort in the middle of the night…

5th October

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a complex inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. The incidence of IBD is on the rise worldwide and possible triggers of the disease include an inflammatory response …

Activation of γδ T cells γδ T cells exhibit preferential pairing of variable region genes (Vγ and Vδ genes) in the TCR. For example, in the peripheral blood of adults, most γδ T cells usually express Vδ2 paired with Vγ9 [2]. γδ T cells expressing Vδ1, Vδ3, or Vδ5 together with one of the remaining Read More