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26 July 2022

In a recent paper, researchers found that certain antibodies mark cells, mistakenly, lining the brain’s blood vessels for attack which leads to an inflammatory responses and tissue damage, following SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent COVID-19 disease…

T cells and Beyond: from tissue residency, metabolism and novel ways to detect them. In this section, we will explore aspects of T cells that are more in-depth and additional to the account of T cells, which can be found here: Overview of T cell Subsets   Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) Here, we focus Read More

T cell mediated autoimmune diseases Introduction Patients with T cell defects can present with a variety of organ specific autoimmune diseases (e.g., type 1 diabetes mellitus in infancy, hypothyroidism, and Addison’s disease) caused by the attack on these organs by the patient’s own immune cells. The basis for these clinical complications is unclear, but are Read More

The host, via its immune system, has the capacity to recognize materials as foreign to itself and to neutralize, eliminate, or metabolize them with or without injury to its own tissue(s). Some of these foreign materials can be referred to as antigens and could be entire micro-organisms like bacteria, fragments of them or substances produced Read More

Introduction to Immune Deficiency Disorders The immune deficiency conditions are a group of disorders that result from one or more abnormalities of the immune system and that manifest clinically as an increased susceptibility to infection. This group of human diseases was ushered in by a single seminal observation made by a clinician who carefully studied Read More

Introduction Patients with T cell defects can present with a variety of organ specific autoimmune diseases (e.g., type 1 diabetes mellitus in infancy, hypothyroidism, and Addison’s disease) caused by the attack on these organs by the patient’s own immune cells. The basis for these clinical complications is unclear, but are thought to be caused by Read More

Introduction Patients with T cell defects can present with a variety of organ specific autoimmune diseases (e.g., type 1 diabetes mellitus in infancy, hypothyroidism, and Addison’s disease) caused by the attack on these organs by the patient’s own immune cells. The basis for these clinical complications is unclear, but are thought to be caused by Read More

A 17 year old adolescent presents to a refugee camp infirmary obtunded. He has been febrile for the last 4 days and has been complaining of back pain and stomach aches accompanied with diarrhoea.

Malaria   Malaria is a vector borne disease, caused by an intracellular parasite, the protozoan Plasmodium spp. It affects most tropical areas of the world (Figure 1), where mosquitos of the Anopheles genus are present. Young children and pregnant women are especially vulnerable to malaria infection, and most of the mortality occurs among children under Read More

The GI tract Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease associated with the accumulation of dental plaque (referred to as dental biofilm/biofilm), characterized by the progressive destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. (Kwon et al., 2021) During inflammation, defense cells release certain endogenous biological molecules such Read More